Unit 8

Phrase Structures

Step 1

Notes

Melody & Phrase:

Forms can begin at the beginning of a composition, and they usually end at the conclusion of a cadence

Smallest melodic unit is called a motive, and 2 motives combine to make-up a phrase

Phrase is a set of notes that combine to make a musical sentence, which leads to a cadence.

A pause in the middle of a phrase usually indicates the end of a motive.

The phrase is the smallest type of form and can be made up of any # of measures (standard is 4)

Antecedent ends with half cadence of imperfect authentic cadence

Consequent ends with a perfect authentic cadence

Everything You Wanted to Know About Phrases:

Sequence: Two or more appearances of the motive, must be transposed

Period: Two phrases in which the antecedent promises a continuation and the consequent provides a conclusive cadence

Symmetrical Period: A period whose antecedent and consequent phrases are of the same or similar length.

Asymmetrical Period: A period whose antecedent and consequent phrases are of different lengths.

Parallel Period: A symmetrical period whose antecedent and consequent phrases are similar in content.

Contrasting Period: A period whose antecedent and consequent phrases are dissimilar.

Phrase Group: 3 or more phrases, at least 2 are similar, only the last ends with a conclusive cadence.

Phrase Chain: 3 or more dissimilar phrases, only the last ends with a conclusive cadence.

Phrase Link: A melodic/rhythmic device used to link grouped phrases, showing that a period, phrase group, or phrase chain has not yet reached its conclusion.

Phrase Elision: when the cadence of one phrase occurs simultaneously with the beginning of the next phrase.

Phrase Member: Short melodic unit that makes up a portion of a phrase, contains several motives

Motive: Short melodic figure used as a constructional element, the smallest structure from which additional material may be created. Must appear at least twice, but doesn't need to be exactly the same


Repetition: A motive repeated


Imitation: A motive repeated in a different voice


Transposition: A motive repeated starting on a different pitch than the original

- Real Transposition: The interval structure of the motive is the same

- Tonal Transposition: Interval structure of the motive is the same, but the quality of the intervals may be different

LOTR Leitmotifs:

Leitmotif:A piece for a specific character/group/thing

Adding more instruments and variations of the piece at different parts in a film

Also remove instruments as it moves on, changes tempo and harmonies as well

Step 2
Is the antecedent phrase symmetrical or asymmetrical to the consequent phrase?

Symmetrical

Is the antecedent phrase similar or contrasting to the consequent phrase?

Similar

Step 3
Is the antecedent phrase symmetrical or asymmetrical to the consequent phrase?

Asymmetrical

Is the antecedent phrase similar or contrasting to the consequent phrase?

Contrasting

What kind of cadence is represented at the end of the antecedent phrase?

Imperfect Authentic Cadence

What kind of cadence is represented at the end of the consequent phrase?

Deceptive Cadence

Finale Project/Summative Assessment
Step 1

Textures
Step 1

Notes:

Textures Defined:

Texture is how much is going on in the music at any given moment

Monophonic music has only 1 melodic line, with no harmony or counterpoint

May have rhythmic accompaniment, but only 1 line that has specific pitches

Heterophonic: rare in Western music

There is only one melody, but different variations of it are being sung or played at the same time

Middle Eastern, South Asian, and Native American music traditions

Textures Examples:

Biphonic: 2 distinct lines, the lower sustaining a drone/constant pitch, while the other line creates a more elaborate melody above it

ex: Pedal Tones

Monophonic: music with one melody line, with no harmony or counterpoint.

Homophonic: one clear melody line where all other parts fill in the chords. It is clear they are not their own melody part and are there to support and have the same rhythm as the melody or fill in the chords.

Chords, accompaniment, harmony, or harmonies

Can sound very different, but when played with the harmony it is clear they are not independent melodies

Polyphonic: more than one melody is occurring at the same time.

Rounds, canons, and fugues

Step 2

Texture clues by sight
Texture clues by sound

Musical texture is describing how much is going on in music at any given moment. Monophony (mono = one) has only one melodic line going on with no harmony or counterpoint. Homophony (homo = similar, same) has one distinctive melodic line and other parts filling in the parts of the chord. Polyphony (poly = many) is when more than one melody is occurring at the same time. Lastly, Heterophony (hetero = different) is when there is one melody, but different variations are being sung/played at the same time.

Finale Project/Summative Assessment

Song Forms
Step 1
Unit 18

Step 2
Would you describe the form of America as being binary or ternary?  Explain your answer.

Binary, since it only shows 2 sections and does not have a restatement of the A section. It would be ternary if the A section was restated after the B section.
Would you describe the form of Swing Low Sweet Chariot as being binary or ternary?  Explain your answer.

Ternary, since there is a restatement of the A section, creating 3 sections. If the 3rd section was not there and not a restatement of the first section, it would be binary.

Summative Assessment
Step 1
Use the 3rd Movement Autumn from Vivaldi's Four Seasons to provide the Letter Code that symbolizes the form 
ABACADAEAFAGA

Step 2
Use Little Fugue in G by J.S. Bach to provide the # of times the subject is heard in it's main form
7 times